Roma 5:12

The Amplification of Justification

5:12 So then, just as sin entered the world through one man and death through sin, and so death spread to all people ¹  because ²  all sinned –

Roma 5:14

5:14 Yet death reigned from Adam until Moses even over those who did not sin in the same way that Adam (who is a type ³  of the coming one) transgressed. ⁴ 

Roma 6:16

6:16 Do you not know that if you present yourselves ⁵  as obedient slaves, ⁶  you are slaves of the one you obey, either of sin resulting in death, or obedience resulting in righteousness? ⁷ 

[5:12]  ¹ tn Here ἀνθρώπους (anqrwpou") has been translated as a generic (“people”) since both men and women are clearly intended in this context.

[5:12]  ² tn The translation of the phrase ἐφ᾿ ᾧ (ef Jw) has been heavily debated. For a discussion of all the possibilities, see C. E. B. Cranfield, “On Some of the Problems in the Interpretation of Romans 5.12,” SJT 22 (1969): 324-41. Only a few of the major options can be mentioned here: (1) the phrase can be taken as a relative clause in which the pronoun refers to Adam, “death spread to all people in whom [Adam] all sinned.” (2) The phrase can be taken with consecutive (resultative) force, meaning “death spread to all people with the result that all sinned.” (3) Others take the phrase as causal in force: “death spread to all people because all sinned.”

[5:14]  ³ tn Or “pattern.”

[5:14]  ⁴ tn Or “disobeyed”; Grk “in the likeness of Adam’s transgression.”

[6:16]  ⁵ tn Grk “to whom you present yourselves.”

[6:16]  ⁶ tn Grk “as slaves for obedience.” See the note on the word “slave” in 1:1.

[6:16]  ⁷ tn Grk “either of sin unto death, or obedience unto righteousness.”